Despite numerous reports, the evidence linking proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to a long list of complications is weak, suggests an analysis of the published reports. The review goes on to state:

• Since all the reports that link PPIs with complications are observational in nature, it is difficult to determine if cause and effect relationships exist.
• The analysis concludes that patients who have a clear-cut indication for PPIs should continue to take these agents at the lowest possible dose.
• Among the proposed adverse effects reported in the literature are chronic kidney disease, dementia, and bone fracture, but it is important to distinguish between the relative and absolute risks associated with each AE.
• The relative risk of chronic kidney disease among patients taking PPIs is increased by 10 to 20%, for instance, but that translates into a 0.1% to 0.3% absolute greater risk per patient per year.