Schizophrenia often has onset in early adulthood and is generally a life-long condition that causes extensive humanitarian and economic burden. Being able to identify people in the prodromal or very early stages of illness could facilitate timely interventions that have the potential to change this otherwise daunting trajectory. This longitudinal claims data study assessed comorbidities, medications, and health resource use in individuals up to 5 years before a first diagnosis of schizophrenia. The finding of more medical comorbidity and greater health resource use in patients prior to a schizophrenia diagnosis has important implications for clinical care, future research and health policy. Claims data has potential to help generate predictive models that might aid in the identification and appropriate referral of high-risk patients, while clinicians may consider conducting more intensive mental health evaluation of individuals with extensive medical comorbidity. —Martha Sajatovic, MD, Professor of Psychiatry and of Neurology; Willard Brown Chair in Neurological Outcomes Research; Director, Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine.