Diabetes is an important risk factor for kidney function decline and a recent study found that those with diagnosed diabetes declined almost twice as rapidly as those without diabetes. Among people with diagnosed diabetes, steeper declines were seen in those with modifiable risk factors, including hypertension and glycemic control, suggesting areas for continued targeting in kidney disease prevention. Researchers classified 15,517 participants in the community-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study by diabetes status at baseline (1987–1989; no diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes). They used linear mixed models with random intercepts and slopes to quantify estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories at 4 visits over 26 years. They found:

• Adjusted mean eGFR decline over the full study period among participants without diabetes was −1.4 mL/min/1.73 m²/year, with undiagnosed diabetes was −1.8 mL/min/1.73 m²/year (difference vs no diabetes), and with diagnosed diabetes was −2.5 mL/min/1.73 m²/year (difference vs no diabetes).
• Among participants with diagnosed diabetes, risk factors for steeper eGFR decline included African American race, APOL1 high-risk genotype, systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, insulin use, and higher HbA_1c.