Savvy Psychopharmacology

High-dose stimulants for adult ADHD

Current Psychiatry. 2023 June;22(6):34-39 | doi: 10.12788/cp.0366

References

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2. Sibley MH, Arnold LE, Swanson JM, et al. Variable patterns of remission from ADHD in the multimodal treatment study of ADHD. Am J Psychiatry. 2022;179(2):142-151. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.21010032

3. Cleveland KW, Boyle J, Robinson RF. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In: Chisholm-Burns MA, Schwinghammer TL, Malone PM, et al, eds. Pharmacotherapy Principles & Practice. 6th ed. McGraw Hill; 2022. Accessed December 1, 2022. https://ppp.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=3114&sectionid=261474885

4. Steingard R, Taskiran S, Connor DF, et al. New formulations of stimulants: an update for clinicians. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2019;29(5):324-339. doi:10.1089/cap.2019.0043

5. Faraone SV. The pharmacology of amphetamine and methylphenidate: relevance to the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric comorbidities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018;87:255-270. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.001

6. Markowitz JS, Patrick KS. The clinical pharmacokinetics of amphetamines utilized in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2017;27(8):678-689. doi:10.1089/cap.2017.0071

7. Mullen S. Medication Table 2: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In: English C, ed. CPNP Psychiatric Pharmacotherapy Review Course. 2022-2023 ed. College of Psychiatric and Neurologic Pharmacists; 2022.

8. Zhu HJ, Patrick KS, Yuan HJ, et al. Two CES1 gene mutations lead to dysfunctional carboxylesterase 1 activity in man: clinical significance and molecular basis. Am J Hum Genet. 2008;82(6):1241-1248. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.04.015

9. Xelstrym [package insert]. Miami, FL: Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2022.

10. Padwal R, Brocks D, Sharma AM. A systematic review of drug absorption following bariatric surgery and its theoretical implications. Obes Rev. 2010;11(1):41-50. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00614.x

11. Childress AC, Komolova M, Sallee FR. An update on the pharmacokinetic considerations in the treatment of ADHD with long-acting methylphenidate and amphetamine formulations. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2019;15(11):937-974. doi:10.1080/17425255.2019.1675636

12. Markowitz JS, Melchert PW. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics of psychostimulants. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2022;31(3):393-416. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2022.03.003

13. Seaman JS, Bowers SP, Dixon P, et al. Dissolution of common psychiatric medications in a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass model. Psychosomatics. 2005;46(3):250-253. doi:10.1176/appi.psy.46.3.250

14. Ludvigsson M, Haenni A. Methylphenidate toxicity after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2016;12(5):e55-e57. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2016.03.015

15. Azran C, Langguth P, Dahan A. Impaired oral absorption of methylphenidate after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2017;13(7):1245-1247. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2017.03.003

16. Steffen KJ, Mohammad AS, Roerig JL, et al. Lisdexamfetamine pharmacokinetic comparison between patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and nonsurgical controls. Obes Surg. 2021;31(10):4289-4294. doi:10.1007/s11695-020-04969-4

17. Buxton ILO. Pharmacokinetics: the dynamics of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. In: Brunton LL, Knollmann BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman’s: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 14th ed. McGraw Hill; 2023. Accessed December 1, 2022. https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2189&sectionid=166182905

18. DeMarco R, Rana R, Powell K, et al. How bariatric surgery affects psychotropic drug absorption. Current Psychiatry. 2022;21(8):39-44. doi:10.12788/cp.0271

References

4. Steingard R, Taskiran S, Connor DF, et al. New formulations of stimulants: an update for clinicians. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2019;29(5):324-339. doi:10.1089/cap.2019.0043

9. Xelstrym [package insert]. Miami, FL: Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2022.

12. Markowitz JS, Melchert PW. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics of psychostimulants. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2022;31(3):393-416. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2022.03.003

13. Seaman JS, Bowers SP, Dixon P, et al. Dissolution of common psychiatric medications in a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass model. Psychosomatics. 2005;46(3):250-253. doi:10.1176/appi.psy.46.3.250

14. Ludvigsson M, Haenni A. Methylphenidate toxicity after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2016;12(5):e55-e57. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2016.03.015

15. Azran C, Langguth P, Dahan A. Impaired oral absorption of methylphenidate after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2017;13(7):1245-1247. doi:10.1016/j.soard.2017.03.003

18. DeMarco R, Rana R, Powell K, et al. How bariatric surgery affects psychotropic drug absorption. Current Psychiatry. 2022;21(8):39-44. doi:10.12788/cp.0271

High-dose stimulants for adult ADHD

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