Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Robert L. Hendren, DO, University of California, San Francisco
Prevalence of autism has been increasing and is more common in males than females; various theories about the increased prevalence including better recognition and diagnosis, environmental toxins, and epigenetic processes. Up to 25% of autism cases can be attributed to genetics, but researchers have not pinpointed a single gene. To attempt to prevent autism, ask expectant mothers about environmental toxins in their homes and workplaces; encourage extended breastfeeding; and limit antibiotics and acetaminophen. Most programs for individuals with autism focus on early interventions (18 to 24 months) when brains are more plastic, but later interventions during adolescence can be valuable as brains continue to grow and change and patients learn new skills.
