Same-day testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea and intrauterine system (IUS) placement is associated with a low risk of pelvic infection, with infections over the first 2 years of IUS use infrequent and not temporarily related to IUS placement. This according to an assessment of 1,751 nulliparous and multiparous women enrolled in a multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new levonorgestrel IUS for up to 7 years. Pelvic exams were performed after 12 and 24 months and when clinically indicated. Researchers found:

• 1,364 (79.6%) participants did not have sexually transmitted infection (STI) test results available prior to IUS placement.

• 29 (1.7%) women had positive baseline testing for a STI.

• The incidence of positive chlamydia testing was similar among women with and without known test results at the time of IUS placement (1.9% vs 1.5%), respectively.

• 9 (0.5%) participants had a diagnosis of pelvic infection over 2 years, all of whom had negative chlamydia screening on the day of or within 1 month after IUS placement.

• Infections were diagnosed in 3 women within 7 days, 1 woman at 39 days, and 5 women at 6 or more months.

Citation: Turok DK, Eisenberg DL, Teal SB, Keder LM, Creinin MD. A prospective assessment of pelvic infection risk following same-day sexually transmitted infection testing and levonorgestrel intrauterine system placement. [Published online ahead of print May 12, 2016]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.05.017.