The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has updated its recommendation on using nontraditional risk factors in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk assessment. The new recommendation statement updates the 2009 statement. The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on using nontraditional risk factors in CVD risk assessment, with a focus on the ankle-brachial index (ABI), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level, and coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores. The updated conclusions and recommendations were as follows:

• The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of adding the ABI, hsCRP level, or CAC score to traditional risk assessment for CVD in asymptomatic adults to prevent CVD events. (I statement)