The EXPAND study was funded by Novartis. The lead author Dr. Kappos has received research and educational support funding via his institution from Novartis and multiple other pharmaceutical companies. Editorial author Dr. Metz has received grants from Roche and Biogen and personal fees from EMD Serono. The other editorial author, Dr. Liu, reported receiving personal fees from Novartis and personal fees and grants from EMD Serono. Dr. Liu was a back-up treating neurologist in the EXPAND trial.
SOURCE: Kappos L et al. Lancet. 2018 Mar 22. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30475-6, and Metz L and Liu W. Lancet. 2018 Mar 22. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30426-4.