Accuracy and Safety of the Placement of Thoracic and Lumbar Pedicle Screws Using the O-arm Intraoperative Computed Tomography System and Stealth Stereotactic Guidance

Placement of lumbar and thoracic pedicle screws must be performed precisely to avoid nerve root injury, cerebrospinal fluid leak, or inadequate screw fixation leading to dislodgement. Even with extensive experience and careful fluoroscopic guidance, the surgeon will have a percentage of screws violate the cortex, some of which will require revision.(1) Often, the error is not discovered until postoperatively and requires reoperation to correct the problem.(2)