Congenital Syphilis Is on the Rise

Diagnoses of primary and secondary syphilis, the most infectious stages of the disease, jumped 76% from 2013 to 2017. And reported cases of congenital syphilis—passed from mother to infant during pregnancy—rose 44% between 2016 and 2017, from 16 cases to 23 cases per 100,000 live births, according to the CDC’s annual Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Report . Those data highlight the need for better prenatal care that includes syphilis testing at the first visit and follow-up testing for women at high risk of the infection, the CDC says. Syphilis can cause miscarriage, newborn death, and severe lifelong physical and mental health problems.

The 918 cases reported in 2017 represent the highest number of recorded cases in 20 years. Cases were reported in 37 states, primarily western and southern states. The report notes that the surge in cases parallels similar increases in syphilis among women of reproductive age and outpaces national increases in sexually transmitted dieseases (STDs) overall.

Syphilis during pregnancy is easily cured with the right antibiotics. Left untreated, a pregnant woman with syphilis has as much as an 80% chance of passing it to the baby.

Early testing, prompt treatment, and follow-up are key. Recent CDC research found that 1 in 3 women who gave birth to a baby with syphilis in 2016 had in fact been tested during pregnancy but either acquired syphilis after that test or was not treated in time to cure the infection in the fetus.

“Too many women are falling through the cracks of the system,” said Gail Bolan, MD, director of the CDC’s Division of STD Prevention. The CDC recommends that all pregnant women be treated for syphilis at the first prenatal visit. But for many women, 1 test may not be enough. Woman at high risk, or those who live in high-prevalence areas, should be tested again early in the third trimester and at delivery.

“To protect every baby,” Bolan says, “we have to start by protecting every mother.”