Factors worthy of further study as potential tools for separating AF patients into subgroups for treatment purposes include markers of atrial fibrosis, whether by imaging, blood, or ECG patterns; markers of parasympathetic/sympathetic imbalance; clinical markers of abnormal calcium metabolism; or blood markers, Dr. Kirchhof added.
The STAR AF 2 trial was funded by St. Jude Medical. Dr. Verma, Dr. Singh, and Dr. Kirchhof reported receiving grant support from St. Jude Medical as well as other pharmaceutical and medical device companies. In addition, Dr. Verma and Dr. Singh have served on advisory boards for St. Jude.
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